Table 6 EM formulations and their effect on crops

Cereal

Rice

Arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi, Glomus intraradices

1. Improved growth of rice crops under drought pressure

[94]

Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas fluorescens

1. Biocontrol agents with anatagonistic nature

[41]

Azospirillum brasilense, Phyllobacterium brassicacearum

1. Growth of plants under drought situation and nutrient limitation

[95]

Pseudomonas putida (or Bacillus megaterium) and AM fungi (Glomus coronatum, Glomus constrictum, Glomus claroideum)

1. Plant development and drought tolerance

[90]

Pulses

Rajmah

Pseudomonas lurida-NPRp15, P. putida-PGRs4, Rhizobium leguminosarum-FB1

1. Effective for plant growth through N₂-fixation

[96]

Bean

Rhizobium sp., Bacillus megaterium (M-3), Bacillus subtilis (OSU-142)

1. N₂-fixation

2. Phosphate solublisation

[97]

Soybean

Bradyrhizobium japonium

1. Symbiotic N₂-fixation

[98]

Oilseed

Sunflower

Rhizobium sp., Trichoderma hamatum

1. Increase inchlrophyll, root and shoot length, mineral (N and P), total carbohydrate and protein contents of crop

[98]

Pseudomonas putida

1. Drought tolerance

[31]

Trichoderma harzianum

1. Plasmopora halstedii targeted

Bacillus sp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptomyces sp.

1. Inhibited sunflower necrosis disease

[99]

Grounnut

Azospirillum brasilense

1. Enhanced tap root growth

[100]

Pseudomonas fluorescens

1. Stimulated lateral root growth

Actinomycetes

1. Hydrogen cyanide, lipase, siderophores, and indole acitic acid production

2. Inhibited soil born pathogens such as Sclerotium rolfsii

[45]

Vegetables

Okra

Enterobacter sp. UPMR18

1. Helped in salt tolerance under salinity stress

[101]

Trichoderma harzianum

1. Supressed fungal infections

[102]

Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Trichoderma viride

1. Biocontrol against Fusarium oxysporum, F. solani, Macrophomina phaseolina, Rhizoctonia solani and Meloidogyne javanica

[103]