Sustainable Environment Research

Table 5 Heavy metal concentrations in feedstock (t₀) and digestate (t_f)

From: Improved biofertilizer properties of digestate from codigestion of brewer’s spent grain and palm oil mill effluent by manure supplementation

Concentration (mg kg^− 1)	Initial concentration (t₀)				Final concentration (t_f)
Concentration (mg kg^− 1)	A₀	B₀	C₀	D₀	A_f	B_f	C_f	D_f	PAS110
Lead	4.0 ± 1.00^b	4.3 ± 0.l2^b	2.6 ± 0.10^a	2.3 ± 0.00^a	BDL	3.6 ± 0.10^c	BDL	2.3 ± 0.10^b	200
Nickel	10.5 ± 0.10^b	11.3 ± 0.55^b	12.5 ± 1.00^b	6.3 ± 0.55^a	2.3 ± 0.10^a	4.4 ± 0.10^d	3.5 ± 0.20^b	5.3 ± 0.00^c	50
Zinc	49.2 ± 1.10^b	51.3 ± 0.85^c	57.9 ± 1.01^d	45.5 ± 0.55^a	15.2 ± 0.32^a	27.2 ± 1.00^b	29.3 ± 0.63^c	40.1 ± 0.15^d	400
Copper	3.7 ± 0.10^b	5.4 ± 0.10^c	4.0 ± 1.00^b	2.5 ± 0.20^a	0.9 ± 0.08^b	3.1 ± 0.10^c	BDL	BDL	200
Chromium	BDL	BDL	BDL	BDL	ND	ND	ND	ND	100
Mercury	BDL	BDL	BDL	BDL	ND	ND	ND	ND	1.0
Cadmium	BDL	BDL	BDL	BDL	ND	ND	ND	ND	1.5

Similar superscript letter means not significantly different in mean (p > 0.05), while different superscript letters mean significantly different (p < 0.05); PAS110 – Publicly available specification according to British Standard Institute [44]; BDL – Below detection level; ND – Not determined; A – D (Reactors). Minimum detection limit – 0.01 mg kg⁻¹

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ISSN: 2468-2039

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