Fig. 9

a Effect of dopant concentration of bimetal doped TiO₂ on photocatalytic degradation of MR dye. Here, catalyst dosage 0.05 g, solution pH 4 and [MR] = 10 mg L^− 1. b Effect of GS concentration on the photocatalytic activity of MMT5 on the degradation of MR. Here catalyst dosage is 0.05 g, solution pH 4 and [MR] = 10 mg L^− 1. c Effect of pH on the rate of degradation of MR dye by MMT5-GS2. Here, catalyst dosage 0.1 g and [MR] = 10 mg L^− 1. d Effect of catalyst dosage on the degradation of MR by MMT5-GS2. Here, solution pH 4 and [MR] =10 mg L^− 1. e Effect of the initial dye concentration on the rate of degradation of MR dye by MMT5-GS2. Here, solution pH 4 and catalyst dosage 0.05 g