Fig. 2

Comparison of maximum DE by live and dead cells on TPM dyes using non-optimized conditions (biomass dosage 1.0 g, agitation 100 rpm, pH 5, incubation at 30 °C). Means with the same capital letters (live cells) and the same small letters (dead cells) are not significantly different at HSD (_0.05). Bars indicate standard error of mean (± SEM). ‘*’ indicates significant difference based on paired T-test (p < 0.05) between live and dead cells