Skip to main content

Table 4 Gaseous species based on wavenumbers (cm− 1) and functional groups for pyrolysis studies

From: Co-thermal degradation characteristics of rice straw and sewage sludge

Sample

Wavenumber range (cm−1)

Peak (cm−1)

Species

Functional group

Vibration

Ref.

RS, SS, and their blend

2375–2250

2350, 2250

CO2

C=O

Stretching

This study

Wood, plastic, tire, and RDF

2400–2250

2350

[15]

Spruce and pine biomass

2400–2240

2359, 2322

[30]

Straw with absorbed glycerol

2400–2240

2360

[44]

Solid waste, paper mill sludge, and their blends

2400–2240

 

[45]

Marine sediment

2400–2240

 

[17]

Palm kernel shell from palm oil

2400–2250

 

[46]

RS, SS, and their blend

2167–2120

2170

CO

C-O

Stretching

This study

Wood, plastic, tire, and RDF

2250–2000

2110, 2200

[15]

Coals, sawdust, RS, and corn stalk

2240–2027

 

[16]

Palm kernel shell from palm oil

2250–2000

 

[46]

Solid waste, paper mill sludge, and their blends

 

2178

[45]

Marine sediment

2240–2060

 

[17]

RS, SS, and their blend

3000–2600

2920

CH4

C-H

Stretching

This study

Wood, plastic, tire, and RDF

 

2930

[15]

Spruce and pine biomass

3000–2600

2897, 2821

[30]

Coals, sawdust, RS, and corn stalk

3045–2875

 

[16]

Palm kernel shell from palm oil

3000–2700

 

[46]

Straw with absorbed glycerol

 

3100

[44]

Solid waste, paper mill sludge, and their blends

3100–2850

3016

[45]

Marine sediment

3000–2880

 

[17]

RS, SS, and their blend

3964–3500

3800, 3600

H2O

O-H

Stretching

This study

Wood, plastic, tire, and RDF

4000–3500

 

[15]

Coals, sawdust, RS, and corn stalk

1750–1250

 

[16]

Palm kernel shell from palm oil

4000–3400

 

[46]

Straw with absorbed glycerol

4000–3600

 

[44]

Solid waste, paper mill sludge, and their blends

4000–3500

 

[45]

Spruce and pine biomass

3900–3200

3853, 3568

[30]

RS, SS, and their blend

1900–1600

1750, 1720

CH3COOH

C-O(H)

 

This study

Wood, plastic, tire, and RDF

1900–1600

 

C=O

Stretching

[15]

Spruce and pine biomass

1845–1500

1768, 1745

[30]

Coals, sawdust, RS, and corn stalk

1900–1603

 

[16]

Palm kernel shell from palm oil

1900–1650

 

[46]

Solid waste, paper mill sludge, and their blends

1850–1600

 

[45]

RS, SS, and their blend

1200–1100

1120

HCOOH

C-O(H)

Stretching

This study

Wood, plastic, tire, and RDF

 

1400, 1745

[15]

Coals, sawdust, RS, and corn stalk

1200–1100

 

[16]

RS, SS, and their blend

1400–1200

1320. 1250

C6H5OH (Phenol)

O-H

Bending

This study

Wood, plastic, tire, and RDF

 

1100, 1300

[15]

Spruce and pine biomass

1500–1325

1373

[30]

Coals, sawdust, RS, and corn stalk

1400–1200

 

[16]

Palm kernel shell from palm oil

1300–1200

 

C-O

stretching

[46]

RS, SS, and their blend

1279–1100

1100

CH3OH (Methanol)

O-H

Blending

This study

Wood, plastic, tire, and RDF

3000–2900

 

[15]

Spruce and pine biomass

1300–950

1165, 1120

C-O

Stretching

[30]

Palm kernel shell from palm oil

1200–1000

 

[46]

Straw with absorbed glycerol

1130–1030

1055

[44]

RS, SS, and their blend

1600–1450

1470

Aromatic

C-H

Bending

This study

Spruce and pine biomass

1000–650

669, 642

[30]

Palm kernel shell from palm oil

1690–1450

 

C=C

Stretching

[46]

Marine sediment

1600–1420

 

[17]

Solid waste, paper mill sludge, and their blends

1850–1600

 

Aldehyde

C=O

Stretching

[45]

Straw with absorbed glycerol

 

1720

[44]

Marine sediment

1700–1600

  

Palm kernel shell from palm oil

1460–1365

 

Alkanes

C-C; C-H

Stretching

[46]

Marine sediment

850–736

 

NH3

  

[16]

  1. RDF Refuse-derived fuel