Table 3 Proximate analyses results (water content, ash, VM, and FC), ash-free biochar yield, thermal oxidative recalcitrance (TORi), pore surface area (SBET) and zeta (ζ) potential of B-BM and B-MM
Biochar | Moisture | Ash | Volatile matter (VM) | Fixed carbon (FC) | Ash-free yield | TORi | SBET | ζ potential |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dry wt% | m2 g−1 | mV | ||||||
B333 | 5.39 | 50.81 | 28.32 | 20.87 | 23.53 | -0.15 | 4.42 | -31.16 |
B505 | 2.49 | 61.72 | 29.51 | 8.77 | 22.5 | 0.26 | 8.09 | -27.06 |
B514 | 3.73 | 62.41 | 25.17 | 12.42 | 20.2 | 0.18 | 6.02 | -38.64 |
B523 | 3.74 | 62.88 | 25.71 | 11.4 | 17.66 | 0.21 | 6.08 | -34.17 |
B532 | 3.87 | 60.48 | 26.46 | 13.05 | 20.56 | 0.13 | 7.59 | -47.35 |
B541 | 3.29 | 60.11 | 29.75 | 10.14 | 20.51 | 0.20 | 5.42 | -41.61 |
B550 | 3.63 | 58.32 | 33.76 | 7.92 | 20.87 | 0.21 | 5.36 | -48.50 |
B001 | 1.57 | 73.31 | 17.35 | 9.34 | 13.04 | 0.25 | 4.71 | -31.86 |
B010 | 5.21 | 38.76 | 33.58 | 27.66 | 26.21 | 0.00 | 6.39 | -48.89 |
B100 | 0.84 | 84.27 | 15.5 | 0.23 | 9.37 | 0.41 | 4.63 | -25.06 |