Table 10 Use of waste tire for forming SRS
Reference | Soil | Treatment | Treatment content | Tests | Effects of treatment | Primary mechanism | Remarksa |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Zornberg et al. [95] | Sand | Tire shred | 0–100% | CD triaxial compression | Increases axial strain at failure and shear strength; shows dilatant behavior | Reinforcement | The optimum tire shred content was approximately 35% |
Araujo et al. [97] | Lateritic soil | Tire shred | 0–7.5% | Compaction; medium-scale direct shear | Decreases MDD; minimal variation in OMC | Reinforcement | The optimum tire shred content was 5% |
Reddy et al. [100] | Sand | Tire chip | 0–70% | Specific gravity; unit weight; large direct shear | Increases shear strength properties and decreases void ratio and dry unit weight; Improves compressibility characteristics and high load-carrying behavior | Reinforcement | The optimum tire chip content was in the range of 30–40% |
Ghadr and Javan [98] | Sand | Tire shred | 0–25% | Consolidated undrained triaxial compression | Increases axial strain and decreases shear strength, peak index, and secant and tangent Yang’s modulus | Reinforcement | The level of improvement increases with an increase in additive content |
Ghadr et al. [94] | Silty sand | Tire shred | 0–5% | Undrained cyclic triaxial compression | Increases liquefaction resistance | Reinforcement; higher elasticity of tire shred | The comparatively better cyclic performance of soil mixtures containing 2.5– 5% tire shred |
Ghadr et al. [99] | Expansive soil | Granulated tire | 0–100% | Consistency limit and linear shrinkage; UCS; free swell; filter paper | Increases failure strain and decreases swelling potential, compression index, bulk density, shear strength, and stiffness | Reinforcement | The optimum granulated tire content was in the range of 15–20% |