Table 4 Use of GGBS for forming SRS
Reference | Soil | Treatment | Treatment content | Tests | Effects of treatment | Primary mechanism | Remarksa |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Singhi et al. [53] | Clayey soil | GGBS; FA; alkali activators | 4–20% (GGBS/ FA or combination both) | UCS | Increases UCS | Cementation of hydration products | UCS increases with the increase in GGBS and FA content |
Yi et al. [35] | Sand; Clayey silt | GGBS; activators (reactive magnesia, brucite, and hydrated lime) | 5% and 10% (GGBS for the sand); 10% and 20% (GGBS for the clayey silt); 0.05–0.40 (activators/GGBS) | UCS; XRD; SEM | Increases UCS | Cementation of hydration products | Reactive magnesia yields the highest activating efficiency |
Sharma and Sivapullauah [54] | Expansive soil | GGBS; FA | 70:30 (GGBS: FA); 10–40% (GGBS-FA mixture) | Atterberg limit; UCS; SEM; XRD | Increases UCS and MDD and decreases swelling potential, liquid and plastic limits, and OMC | Cementation of hydration products | The optimum GGBS-FA content was 20% |
Yi et al. [34] | Marine soft clay | GGBS; activators (NaOH, Na2CO3, and Na2SO4); carbide slag; cement | 30% (GGBS and cement); 0.1 (Carbide slag/GGBS) | UCS; XRD; SEM; MIP | Enhances the strength development rate | Cementation of hydration products | Na2SO4-carbide slag-GGBS was found to be the optimum binder |
Yi et al. [36] | Marine clay | GGBS; activators (quick lime and hydrated lime) | 20% (GGBS); 0.05–0.40 (Quick lime and hydrated lime/GGBS) | UCS; XRD; SEM; MIP | Increases UCS | Cementation of hydration products | The optimum lime/GGBS ratio was 0.2 at 7 and 28 curing days, and 0.10 at 90 curing days |