Reutilization of solid wastes to improve the hydromechanical and mechanical behaviors of soils — a state-of-the-art review

Table 9 Use of PM for forming SRS

Reference	Soil	Treatment	Treatment content	Tests	Effects of treatment	Primary mechanism	Remarks^a
James and Pandian [89]	Expansive soil	PM; lime	0–2% (PM); 3% and 5.5% (lime)	UCS; Atterberg limits; pH	Increases UCS and decreases plasticity	Cementation of hydration products	The optimum PM content for strength improvement was 0.25%
James [85]	Expansive soil	PM; lime	0–2% (PM); 7% (lime)	UCS; Atterberg limits; XRD; X-ray Fluorescence (XRF); SEM; shrink-swell	Increases UCS and decreases plasticity at lower content of PM	Cementation of hydration products	The optimum PM content for strength improvement was 0.25%
Gumanta et al. [92]	Mudstone soil	PM	0–16%	UCS; free swell; 1D consolidation; 3D volumetric shrinkage; XRD; XRF; SEM; FT-IR	Increases UCS, strain at failure, and compressibility (slightly) and decreases swelling and shrinkage characteristic	Cementation of hydration products; Reinforcement	The level of improvement increases with an increase in additive content

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